Software-Based Recovery: When the data loss is due to logical damage, specialized software can scan the storage medium to find and restore lost files. These tools can recover data from deleted partitions, formatted drives, or corrupted file systems. 

Hardware-Based Recovery: When the storage device suffers physical damage, recovery often involves repairing or replacing parts of the device. This might include:

• Replacing damaged read/write heads in HDDs
• Fixing PCB (Printed Circuit Board) issues
• Recovering data from damaged memory chips in SSDs or USB drives

Professional Data Recovery Services: For severe cases, especially those involving significant physical damage or highly sensitive data, professional data recovery services are available. These services have specialized equipment to recover data from severely damaged devices.